Although I've learned that the stories
in Old Testament prophetic books aren't necessarily chronological, I
remain a little surprised when things in the historical books seem
out of order. Two incidents in the book of Judges jumped out at me.
The book begins with saying “after
Joshua died, such and such happened.” Seeing as the book of Joshua
ends with his death, this fits chronologically. The only problem is
that Joshua appears in the book of Judges in chapter 2, alive and
well enough to send out the tribes to their inheritance. He then dies
and is buried. You can explain this by saying that chapter 2 is
simply telling what had happened previously, but if that's true, why
don't Bibles put the part about Joshua in chapter 2 in the past
perfect, the verbal tense used for talking about things that had
happened previously?
At the end of the book, amidst the
horrible story about the concubine and murdering of all the
Benjaminites, Phinehas the priest shows up. Phinehas is
famous for stabbing the man who was flaunting the fact that he was
with a Moabite woman, while all of Israel was weeping on account
of God's punishment for their being led astray by the women (and
gods) of Moab. The story is in Numbers 25, indicating that Phinehas
was alive while the Israelites were wandering in the dessert. Even if
Phinehas was a teenager in the dessert, he should have been long dead
after all of the judges had ruled their respective 20 or so years.
There are two explanations for this – either the book is not in
chronological order or this is a different Phinehas, who is not the
son of Eleazar, son of Aaron, but is instead a descendant of these
men.
As both the first chapter and the last
chapter seem to be out of chronological order, this makes an interesting pattern. It suggests that even might be intentionality to things being out of
order. When I was trying to solve the mystery of Phinehas, I checked
out the Anchor commentary, and it suggested that the first and last
chapters present a theological argument for the book. I found
that a helpful way of looking at the text, especially because it's
effective: I find the last story in the book to be shocking and
disturbing. The reader is pushed to the conclusion that this is a
people in desperate need of being saved – and the system of the
judges obviously didn't really work.
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